HOW TO PROVE WATER VAPOUR IS PRESENT IN AIR???

Do you know water vapour is present in the air?? Water vapour is a gaseous form of water. Let's prove that water vapour is present in air?
Materials:
Clean glass tumbler
Dry towel
Ice cube

Instructions

Wipe the outside of the glass with a clean dry towel to ensure it is dry from the outside.


Place a few ice cubes inside the glass and wait for a few minutes.


Observe: You would notice the outside of the glass turns misty and finally droplets of water appear on the outside of the glass


HOW DOES THE WATER COMES OUTSIDE THE GLASS???


This happens because of condensation. Water vapor is present in air and when comes contact with cold objects changes into liquid form

FAKE BOILING WATER WITH FRICTION!!!

Can you make water boil with friction? Sounds tough but is easy! (you would need a friend for this experiment)


Materials:
A small jar around 5cm wide
Water
Two 15cm square cheesecloth pieces 
A wide rubber band 
Cover the top of the cloth with two pieces of cheesecloth and use the rubber band to keep the cheesecloth in place.


Pour the water into the glass through the cheesecloth and make sure to wet the cheese cheesecloth thoroughly.


Then quickly turn the glass upside down. Don't worry the water won't fall down unless you did not make the cloth thoroughly wet while putting water into the glass through the cheesecloth.


Now ask your friend to rub his hand on the piece of fabric until his finger becomes hot by friction.


Continue to hold the glass upside down and ask your to put his/her finger which he/she had warmed on the cheesecloth.


Observe: Bubbles rise up from the spot where your friend had touched!!

How did the bubbles come?!?!

The bubbles you saw were air bubbles that had been trapped between the fibers of the cheesecloth. When your friend touched the cloth the air was forced up into the water because of the heat!

How did the water stay in the glass when you turned the glass upside down?!?!

When you poured water through the cheesecloth into the glass the tiny openings in the cloth were filled with water, Water molecules formed in the cheesecloth were strongly attracted to each other.

They formed an invisible skin known as water tension in each small space space that has air. The water tension was strong enough to hold the water inside the jar!!!!

STATIC MAGIC!!!

Let's have some fun with static electricity!!


Materials:
2 books of equal thickness
Tissue paper
Scissors
A small piece of glass
A woolen towel or a scarf

Instructions

Position the books opposite to each other. Now fit in the glass piece between the pages and make sure that the glass is leveled. The glass should look like a bridge connecting the two books.

Now cut the paper into small bits.

Put the paper bits under the glass. now rub the woolen towel or scarf on the glass.

Observe: The bits of paper bounce up and down because of static electricity you made when you rubbed the glass with a woolen towel or scarf.

HOW TO TEST COLOURS???

Do you know - Colours are made up of many colours? Do you want to see colours present in colours like- Black, blue etc? Then follow the experiment given below!!


Materials:
A blotting paper
A pencil
Water-based, dark coloured felt tip pens, like:- black, blue etc
A toothpick
Water
Paper
A wide mouth drinking glass or bowl
Scissors
Tape

Instructions

Cut the blotting paper in strips. 2.5cm wide and 12.5cm long. One strip to test one colour.

Fill the bowl with water.

With the felt tip pens make a 1.3cm dot on the strips bottom.

Put the end of the strip with the dot in the water and hold the strip with the other end. Remove the strip from the water when the water has reached the end you are holding. Tape the tested strip on a sheet of paper and allow it to dry.

When the strip dries observe the different colours. Those are the colours that made up the colour you had tested!!! 

TO PROVE OXYGEN IS REQUIRED FOR BURNING!!!

You know air is needed for burning, but do you also know oxygen present in air is needed for burning? Let's prove it!!!


Materials:
A pan of water 


Empty milk bottle


Candle


A box of matches

Instructions

Fix the candle on the pan of water now light the candle.

Then invert the milk bottle on the candle.

Observe: The candle extinguishes and the water rises 1/4 of the milk bottle.

How Does The Water Rises?!?!

As the oxygen in the glass is used by the candle the water takes the oxygen's place, but you may not be clearly answerable to the question "Is oxygen used for burning?" Let me tell the answer. As there is only 22% (1/4) of oxygen of the air the water rises 1/4 proving the absence of oxygen! 

HOW TO MAKE AN ELECTROMAGNET???

Do you now what is an electromagnet? It is a magnet that works with electricity! So, let's try to make one!!


Materials:
A large iron nail


2  3feet of copper wire


A fresh D size battery


A few paper clips


Tape

Instructions

Leave about 8inches of wire loose at one end and wrap most 

of the rest of the wire around the nail. Try not to overlap the 

wires. Do the same with the other wire.

Connect one wire to one end and the other wire to the other

end. Now tape them to the battery.

Your electromagnet is ready! bring the tip of the nail towards

the paper clip and watch as the paper clip moves towards the 

nail!!

CUTTING GLASS LIKE CARDBOARD

Can you cut glass like cardboard? Let's try!!


Materials:
A piece of glass


A large bowl filled with water


A large pair of scissors

Instructions

Cut the glass piece underwater.

Observe: The glass cuts as if it is a cardboard!!!

INDICATER!!

Acid or Base??


Materials:
15ml unsweetened grape juice
Water
1 Teaspoon baking soda
Vinegar
3 glasses

Instructions

Line up the three glasses in a line.


Pour water into the 1st glass, baking soda into the second glass and vinegar into the third glass.


Now, add some unsweetened grape juice to all the glasses.


Observe: Water gets the colour of the grape juice, which means water is neutral. When grape juice is added to baking soda the colour changes into green indicating it is a base. When the juice is added to vinegar the colour changes to red indicating it is an acid

THE STUCK CUP!!!!!

Can you stick a cup to your hand? Lets see!!


Materials:
A lightweight cup with 2-in. (5cm) base (the cup must have low,circular,bowl shaped depression in thee bottom)
A clean towel
A sponge
Water

Instructions

Place the cup upside down on the towel.

Moisten your left palm with the sponge and water. Your palm should feel moist but not wet.

Place your left palm firmly on the cup's bottom. Rub the back of your left hand. Lean slightly forward as you rub to apply quite a bit of force to your left hand, and after a few minutes lift up your hand........... THE CUP STUCK TO YOUR HAND!!!

After a few moments it comes off

A BOTTLE FULL OF WATER THAT HAS A HOLE IN IT............... DOES NOT LEAKS!!!!!!!

Can you make a hole in a bottle full of water but....... NOT MAKE THE LIQUID SPILL????


Materials:
A empty, clean plastic bottle with a screw on lid.
A pushpin
Water

Instructions

With the push pin, poke a hole in the bottle near the bottom and leave the pushpin stuck in the bottle.

Hold your thumb against the pushpin . And fill the bottle with water till the brim, and screw on the cap.

Continue this experiment in the kitchen sink.

Remove the pushpin.

Observe: The water pours out through the hole at first and then stops!!!

What happens???

The air pressure inside the bottle was strong, but the air pressure outside the bottle was even stronger. The outside pressure caused the water to stop flowing.

HOW TO MAKE A MAGNETIC PLANE!!!!

Lets make a magnetic plane!!


Materials:
A piece of tissue paper 2cm X 1cm
Sticky tape
Scissors
A metal pin
A magnet (a very strong one)
A piece of thread 30cm long

Instructions

Pierce the metal pin through the paper so it looks like a plane (the paper being the wings)

Tie the string to the head of the pin.

Tape the end of the string to the side of the table.

Move the magnet close to the plane and try to make it fly.

The plane flies!!!

HOW TO MAKE LIGHTNING!!!

Do you know how to make lightning?No? Then lets make lightning!!!


Materials:
A radio with aerial extended
A balloon
A woolen scarf (any woolen item would would work)

Instructions

Switch off all the lights, make the room you are trying this experiment as dark as possible.

Now blow up the balloon.

Then rub the balloon for 10 minutes with the woolen rug.

Put the balloon near or touching the aerial.

Observe: Tiny sparks occur near the aerial!!

THE DISAPPEARING STAMP!!!

Let's make a stamp disappear with the help of science!!


Materials:
A small empty jar with a lid
A postal stamp
A towel

Instructions

Fill the jar with water to the brim screw on the lid, and then dry the jar with the towel.

Place the stamp on the table.

Place the jar on the stamp.

Now walk around the table staring on the jar

Observe: At one angle the stamp disappears!! 

CAN YOU PULL A PAPER FROM UNDER A GLASS OF WATER WITHOUT SPILLING A DROP???

Can you pull a paper from under a glass of water without spilling a drop?? Let's try!! (Note: This experiment requires practice. Do this experiment over and over again to obtain the results wanted.)


Materials:
A smooth tabletop
Warm water
A piece of smooth wrapping paper about 30cm long
A smooth water plastic water glass

Instructions

Cut the wrapping paper so it is only slightly wider than the glass.

Place the wrapping paper  on  a smooth, dry tabletop, and let one end of the paper hang over the table's edge.

Fill the glass with warm water, and dry the outside and the bottom thoroughly.

Set the glass on the wrapping paper near the table's edge.

Hold the dangling edge of the paper with your right hand. With your other hand quickly and firmly strike the paper hanging off the end of the table between the glass and your hand. Hit the paper hard.

The glass does not falls and even a drop is not spilled!!

WATER ALONG THE STRING!!

Can you make water walk down the string???


Materials:
A pitcher with pointed spout
One 15inch (37.5cm) long cotton string
Water
Food colouring 
A large glass
Water

Instructions

Tie one end of a cotton string to the handle of the pitcher.

Fill the pitcher half with water and add a few drops of food colouring.

Set the glass on the table pull the string across the pitcher and the spout, and hold the free end of the string taut over the string.

Now, with your hand, lift the pitcher and pour the water slowly.

Observe: The water goes to the other glass with the help of the string.

The water walks down the string

A BALLOON THAT DOES NOT BURSTS!!!

Let's make a balloon that doesn't bursts!!


Materials:
1 identical large,round,latex balloons


1 safety pin


Vegetable oil


Clear plastic tape

Instructions

Blow up the balloon to full size and then tie a knot at the end.


Stick a piece of tape 5th long on the top of the balloon and press the tape, so that the tape becomes invisible.


Wipe the tip of the pin with oil. Now insert the needle into the tape stuck onto the balloon.


THE BALLOON DOES NOT BURSTS!!

LOOK RIGHT THROUGH YOUR HAND!!!

Can you look through your hand?? No? If"no" is the answer let me tell you a methode which will help you look through your hand!!


Materials:


A sheet of typing paper
Clear tape

Instructions

Roll the sheet of paper lengthwise to form a long tube.


Use tape to hold the tube together.


Use your right hand to hold one end of the tube to your right eye, hold the tube just like a telescope.


Hold your left hand, with your palm facing you, against the left side of the tube. Keep both eyes open and focus your vision straight ahead on something across the room. Can you see a hole in your hand?? 

How Does This Happens???

Each eye looks at an different angle, the brain puts them together to form one three-dimensional image. While doing this experiment, your left eye focuses on your hand and your right eye focuses through the hole, the brain merges both the images and creates a illusion that you have a hole in your hand.

HOW DO ELECTRIC FORCES WORK???

Let's see how electric forces work!!!


Materials:
2 magnets

Instructions

Put the magnets close to each other.

What happens???

The magnets spring apart! WHY?? There are electrons on the magnets. Electrons push other electrons away, there are electrons on the magnet, so they spring apart!!

COOKING A POTATO WITH THE HELP OF SOLAR ENERGY!!!

Many people say "it's to hot these days." Then why not use the heat to cook food. So let's cook a potato with the help of the solar energy!!
(Note: This experiment can only be done in summers)


Materials:
A metal bowl
Fork 
Sticky tape
A small potato
Aluminium foil

Instructions

Cover the inner side of the metal bowl with the aluminium foil, the shiny side of the aluminium should face outwards. Make the aluminium foil as smooth as possible and place it in position using sticky tape.

Place the bowl outdoors in the sun at around noon.

Turn the bowl to face the sun regularly as it moves across the sky and use a fork to turn the potato every once in a while and observe that the heat warms the potato and the potato eventually cooks!!

Try this experiment with other food items too!!!

LET'S SEE IF MAGNETISM WORKS UNDERWATER!!

Let's see if magnetism works underwater!!

Materials:

A glass of water

1 magnet

1 paper clip

Instructions

Drop the paper clip into the water.


Place the magnet up against the outside the glass.


Now try to use the magnet to bring the paper clip to the top of the glass without touching the paper clip directly.


Observe: It is easy to bring the paper clip up! This proves that magnetism works underwater!!

LAVA LAMP

Let's make a lava lamp!!


Materials:
A clean, clear plastic pop bottle with lid and label removed.
A funnel
Vegetable oil
Food colouring
4 alka-seltzer tablets
Water

Instructions

Put 3/4 vegetable oil into pop bottle with the help of the funnel, and then add water until the bottle is full.

Then add a few drops of food colouring.

Break all the alka-seltzer tablets into half, you should be having 8 pieces of alka-seltzer tablets.

Drop each piece into the mixture one at a time, waiting until the bubbling stops each time you drop a piece.

Now put the lid on, and put the bottle on it's side and gently lift each end of the bottle so the liquid moves back and forth.

There you go. Your lava lamp is ready!!!!

A TEST TO PROVE THAT A MATERIAL IS HARDER THAN ANOTHER MATERIAL!!

If you have to materials:- Stone and a piece of foam, you can easily tell which is harder just by touching the materials, But if you have:- stone and wood, it would be difficult to tell which if harder. Than let me tell you a method which would help you to tell which material is harder!!


Materials:
Stone
Wood

Instructions

Take stone in one hand and the wood in the other hand.
Now rub them with each other. The object that does not gets scratched is said to be harder than the scratched object!!

MAGIC BALLOON!!

Can you believe that a balloon full of air won't burst if you place it on a wood full of nails!! Don't believe me?? Then try out this experiment!


Materials:
A piece of wood 
Many nails
Hammer
A blown up balloon

Instructions

Hammer the nails on the wood. Make sure that the nails are very close to each other and are at the same level.

Now drop the balloon on the tip of the nails if you want you can also press the balloon to the nails.Does the balloon bursts??  NO!!!

HOW TO BOIL WATER IN A PAPER CUP???

Let's boil water in a paper cup!!


Materials:
A paper cup
Water
Candle
Matchbox

Instructions

Fill the paper cup with water.

Now light the candle and keep the paper cup containing water on the burning candle.  Does the paper burns? NO!!!

What is happening??

This is because the water absorbs the heat of the candle before the heat can even harm the paper!

 This experiment shall be done under ADULT SUPERVISION.

HOW TO PROVE IF AN EGG IS BOILED OR NOT??

When a boiled and a raw egg gets mixed it gets very difficult to find out the difference between them. But there is a way to find out that which egg is boiled or not! Let me tell you!


Materials:
A boiled egg
A raw egg
2 plates

Instructions

Place the eggs in two different plates.

Now spin the eggs the egg that keeps on spinning for a longer time is the boiled one and the other is the raw one.

THERE IS ALSO ANOTHER METHOD!

Spin the eggs again but now before they stop stop them with your fingertips and then release it. 

The egg that starts moving again is the raw egg.

BALANCING BUTTERFLY!!

How about making a butterfly that sits on your fingertips without any support? Let's make one!


Materials:
1 broom straw
Tape
2 same coins
A thin cardboard

Instructions

Draw a butterfly on the cardboard make sure that the butterfly's wings are same in length.

Now stick the two coins each on the upper wing at the same point - One on the right and one on the left.

Then stick a broomstick exactly at the center with it's end protruding a little from it's mouth and tail. 

Here your balancing butterfly is ready!

SCIENCE HELPS IN GARDENING!!!!!

Many people are fond of indoor plants. But hesitate to go in for them just because for extra care they call for. For instance ,who would take care of the plants when the whole family has gone out for vacation? At some places neighbours might take care of them, but you always don't have such caring neighbours. So what should one do? Stop keeping such plants to enjoy their vacation? Not anymore! Travel where ever you want without any tension leave the work to science! Let's see what to do?!?! 


Materials:
Cotton string
A potted plant 
A bowl full of water

Instructions

Put the bowl full of water on a table.

Now, put the potted plant just below the table.

Then insert one end of the cotton string into the soil and the other into the water in the bowl.

Observe:  The water will start moving up through the string and then start going down along with the string to the pot!

Remember: For each plant the string should be different, but however the container can be the same!

HOW TO SEE SOLAR ECLIPSE SAFELY??

Do you know what is a solar eclipse ??? No?? Solar eclipse is caused when the moon comes in between of the sun and the earth.

SOLAR ECLIPSE

Looking at the sun during the solar eclipse is very harmful for your eyes. It can also blind people. But, you still want to see the solar eclipse?? Then, let's make a device to help us look at the sun during solar eclipse!!


Materials:
2 A4 sized white cardboard sheets
Drawing pins

Instructions

Take a drawing pin and punch a small hole in the center of one of the two cardboards.
Now place the cardboard without the hole on the ground outdoors.
Now place the cardboard with the hole 30cm apart and over the cardboard with the hole.

THIS IS HOW THE DEVICE SHOULD LOOK

Observe: The sun is projected on the plain sheet of cardboard!

EATING IRON FOR BREAKFAST!!!

Can you believe that you eat iron almost everyday?? No??? Well then let me prove it to you!!


Materials:
1 bowl of breakfast cereal
Pencil
Magnet
Ziplock plastic bag
White filter paper
Magnifying glass
Tape
Water

Instructions

Put the bowl of cereal into the ziplock and zip the bags.
Crush the cereal with your hands until you get a fine powder.
Put the crushed cereal into the bowl.
Add a lot of water to the cereal to make the mixture thin.
Tape the magnet to the end of the pencil and stir the cereal with the magnet for 10-15 minutes.
Lift out the magnet and gently wipe the magnet with the filter paper. Now see the magnet with magnifying glass


Observe: You will see bits of iron on the magnet they will look like small sark dots on the magnet!!




But, do not eat nails, and other iron object your teeth might brake!!!

HOW DINOSAUR DIGESTS FOOD???

Let's see what happened when vegetarian dinosaur ate leaves!!!


Materials:
6 leaves
Scissors
Water
Teaspoon
2 round stones or pebbles
Plastic bowl

Instructions

Cut all the leaves and put them into the bowl.

Now add 1/4 teaspoon of water.

Then grind the leaves between the stones.

What is happening???

The water turns green! HOW?? This is what happens to dinosaur's stomach. A dinosaur swallowed stones called gastrolithes to help it eat leaves! As the stones released the edible parts of the leaf, bacteria in the dinosaur's stomach rotted the food. This helped the dinosaur to digest its food!!! 

BENDING WATER!!!

Let's try to bend water running from a tap!!!


Materials:
Comb

Instructions

Run the comb several times on your hair.

Now open the tap and put the comb near the stream of water.

What is happening???

The water bends towards the comb because of static electricity. The comb gets charged with static electricity when you comb your hair!!

THE WATER BENDING TOWARDS THE COMB

HOW DAY AND NIGHT IS CAUSED????

Have you ever wondered how day and night is caused? 
It is because the earth rotates. Well, let's do an experiment to prove it!

Materials:
Globe
Torch

Instructions

This experiment can only be done at night.

Switch all the lights off, close the curtains and shut the door in the room you are performing this experiment.

Now on the torch and point it on the globe. The side facing to the torch gets the light. Now keep rotating the globe.

Observe: The side facing the torch always gets the light. The opposite side does not gets any light. The torch is like the sun. The sun is giving the light, but only the side facing the sun gets the light.

So, the earth do not have day or night at all the sides at the same time!

THE RIGHT SIDE HAS NIGHT AND THE LEFT SIDE HAS DAY IN THIS IMAGE

HOW TO TAKE YOUR FRIEND'S FINGERPRINTS!!!!!

Do you know about fingerprints? Well if you don't know let me tell! Fingerprints are prints from your finger.  They are left everywhere you touch your hand on. They are left because of the natural oil on your hand which cannot be removed. Every person has a different finger prints! The fingerprint might look the same but, there will have to be some difference!
So do you want to try to pick your friend's or relative's fingerprint? Than follow the activity bellow to pick up the fingerprints!


Materials:
Sharpened pencil
A4 sheet
Tape
Magnifying glass.

Instructions

Make a small rectangle on the A4 sheet and darken it with pencil.

Ask your friend or relative to rub his/her any one finger on the black rectangle.

After he/she has rubbed  his/her finger take a piece of tape and put the take on his/her finger.

Then remove it and stick it on the paper. The fingerprint appears!!!!

Study the shape and the lines properly with the help of magnifying glass. Do this experiment with many people!!

TESTING FOR THE CONTENTS OF SAND

Let's see the contents of the soil.


Materials:
Water
Test tube
Sand

Instructions

Fill the test tube with 1/4 of sand.


Now add 3/4 water to the same test tube.


Shake the contents vigorously and leave the test tube alone for 1 hour.


The soil will settle down in layers!


Write down your observation and do this experiment with different samples of soil!!!

TO PROVE THAT AIR IS NEEDED FOR BURNING

Let's see if air is needed for burning or not???


Materials:
Candle
Matches
Glass (make sure the glass is bigger than the candle)

Instructions

Light the candle with the help of matches.
Now cover the burning candle with a glass.


Observe: The flame of the burning candle goes of

What is happening???

The flame goes because of the shortage of the air. The flame is there for a little time after putting the glass as there was little air in the glass!!!


CAUTION: BURNING OF CANDLE UNDER ADULT SUPERVISION

FIREPROOF BALLOON!!!!

Let's make a FIREPROOF BALLOON!!!


Materials:
Water
Balloon
Candle
Matches

Instructions

Fill the balloon with water.

Light the candle with the help of matches.

Now put the balloon containing water over the lighted candle. What happens? Does the balloon burns???

What is happening??

The balloon does not burns. The balloon does not bursts as the heat is absorb by the water!

CAUTION: BURNING OF BALLOON SHOULD BE DONE UNDER ADULT SUPERVISION

HOW TO MAKE FUNGI!?!?

Let's MAKE FUNGI!!!


Materials:
A slice of white bread (homemade bread for faster results!)
Water
A clear polythene bag

Instructions

Make the bread moist by sprinkling some water.

Put the bread into the bag and seal it.

Leave the bag containing bread in a warm place for 2-3 days.

Observe: You will probably find grey-green fungi growing on the bread! If not this means you have put very less water! So you would have to do THIS EXPERIMENT ALL OVER AGAIN!!!

TO PROVE TRANSPIRATION!!!!

Let see what is transpiration???


Materials:
Polythene bag
A recently watered plant
Rubber bands

Instructions

Keep the plant in direct sunlight.

Then cover the plant with polythene bag and tie the end near the base of the stem with the help of rubber band.

Leave it there for 3 to 4 hours.

Observe: You will observe tiny droplets inside the polythene bag!

What is happening??

This happens because of transpiration! What is transpiration? The process of giving out extra water by plants in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration! The water is given out by leaves.

THE EFFECT OF HEATING ON METAL!!!

Let's study the effect of heating on metal.


Materials:
Candle
Matches
Fire tongs or tweezers
A lock with a tight fitting key

Instructions

Put the key into the lock. The keep fits in properly.
Now put the key over the burning candle. Hold the key with the help of fire tongs or tweezers.
Put the key for 5 minutes.
Now try to fit the key back into the lock. What happens? Does the key fits?

What is happening??

Burning metal causes expansion of the metal. So the key expands and cannot fit into the key hole!
To fit the key back in follow the steps below:-
Leave the key indoor to cool it to room temperature.
After cooling try to fit the key into the key hole again. Does the key fits?


On cooling, the metal contract and returns to it's normal size, thus, it fits!!!