HOW TO PROVE AIR EXPANDS WHEN HEATED????

Let's prove air expands when heated!!!!!

Materials:

1 plastic cup

Water

Balloon

Glass test tube

Tape

Instructions

Fix the balloon to the test tube use tape to ensure it is attached firmily to the test tube (do not blow the balloon)

Boil water and pour the boiled water  in the plastic cup and put the test tube with the balloon inside the water (make sure that only the bottom of the test tube should touch the water)

Observe: After 1 or 2 minutes the balloon is heated . This proves that when air is heated it expands

TO PROVE HOT AIR IS LIGHTER THAN COLD AIR!!

Let's prove hot air is lighter than cold air!

Materials:

2 cloth bags
1 candle
1 hanger

Instructions

Tie the cloth bags at the ends of the hanger. ( One at each end)

Hold the hanger from the hook, at an equal balace.

Now ask a friend to light the candle and heat one of the bags make sure that the flame of the candle does not touches the bags.

Observe: The bag that was heated rises up .

This proves hot air is lighter than cold air.

USING AIR TO CRUSH AN ALUMINIUM CAN!!!

Let's take the help of air to crush a aluminum can!!!


Materials:


Aluminum can

Saucepan

Kitchen toungs

Water

Cold water

Instructions

Fill the saucepan with cold water.

Now fill the can with 2-3 teaspoon of room temperature water.

Heat the can until the water inside starts to boil. ( You would see vapour cloud when the water starts to boil)

Let the water boil for 30 seconds.

After 30 seconds quickly grab the can with the KITCHEN TOUNGES and put it in the saucepan upside down



What is happening???



The water vapor created from heating the can pushed air out of the can. When the can is inverted and placed into the cold water, the water vapor in the can condenses quickly. Like the egg in the bottle experiment, the pressure in the can decreases quickly. The outside pressure is much higher than inside which causes the can to collapse!



CATCHING THE PARTICLES PRESENT IN AIR!

Let's make a device to catch the particles in the air!!


Materials:


A microscope or a magnifying glass


Elastic Band


A paper tissue


Empty Glass Jar

Instructions

Slightly damp the tissue paper in water.

Attach the damp tissue paper on the empty glass jar

Go outdoors and set the jar at a high, open and windy place, and leave it there for a day.

Then bring it inside and examine the tissue paper with a microscope or a magnifying glass.

The tissue will have collected various bits and pieces of

material. Some, like pollen from flowers, will be natural. 

Others, like particles of soot, will be artificial waste products.

You can try this experiment in different weather condition!

TO INFLATE A BALLOON USING VINEGAR AND BAKING SODA!

Let's use vinegar and baking soda to blow a balloon!!


Materials:


A balloon


Water


Baking soda


Lemon juice or a lemon (vinegar works best)


Drinking straw


Small soda bottle (12 ounce or 20ounce)

Instructions

Take the small balloon in your hands and stretch it out a bit to make it a little easier to inflate.

Pour about 1 ounce of water of into the bottom of a small baking soda

Dissolve 1 teaspoon of baking soda into the water with the help of drinking straw.

Pour 3 tablespoon of lemon juice or the lemon juice found in 1 lemon.


Quickly put the mouth of the stretched balloon over the mouth of the soda bottle.

  What is happening???

The balloon slowly inflates due to the presence of carbon-dioxide formed by the reaction of water, baking soda and lemon juice/vinegar

A LEMONADE-STRAW CAN GO THROUGH A POTATO!!!!

Let's try to make a lemonade-straw go through a potato!


Materials:


A potato (Not boiled)


A lemonade-straw

Instructions

Just try to insert the straw through the potato. Does the straw goes through?? No it does not.

Now cover the top opening of the straw with your finger (as shown in the figure below) and strike the potato quickly with the straw and apply the maximum amount of force you can, but be sure the straw is perpendicular to the potato. Does the straw go through??? Yes it does!! 

The straw goes through!!

What happens???

You are holding the potato in your hand; so it is at rest. It is inert. The straw which strikes the potato has a great impulse of force. The pressure of the compressed air inside the straw (which occurs when your finger is covering the top opening of the straw) will keep it hard. That is why the straw goes through!  

HOW DO SOIL LOOSE THEIR NUTRIENTS DURING LOTS OF RAIN???

Do you know soil loose their nutrients during lots of rain or excessive
water?? Let's see how!


Materials:
1/2 cup of dry soil


Blue powdered tempera paint


A measuring spoon


A measuring cup


A wide mouthed jar


Coffee filter paper


A few cups


Water

Instructions

Mix 1/4 teaspoon of blue tempera paint to 1/2 cup of soil thoroughly.

Set the funnel into the jar and put the coffee filter paper into the funnel.

Now pour the soil mixture into the funnel and add 1/2 cup water into the funnel.

Observe the color of the water. Repeat the experiment again and again without changing the soil, but do change the container and the filter paper

Observe: After some time the water coming in to the jar will be clean and transparent. At first the water will be in blue in color, but as you repeat the process the water will become more transparent

This process happens with soil in the nature. The blue powdered tempera color can be thought as nutrients in soil!

PROVING SOIL HAS WATER!!

Let's prove soil contains water!!


Materials:

Garden soil

Coffee can

A sheet of plastic or glass

Black construction paper

Tape

A sunny window

Instructions

Fill the can about one-half full of garden soil.

Tape the black construction paper around the coffee can, so that the coffee can's outer surface is covered with black construction paper.

Now place the plastic sheet or glass on the top (opening) of the can.

Put the can near the sunny window for a few days (7-10 days)

Observe: Water droplets began to form on the underside of the plastic sheet or glass.

You can prove the water is from the soil not by the air in the can by repeating the experiment but this time without the use of soil. In this experiment the water will be very less compared to the experiment with the soil, or there would be no water!!!!

MAKE YOUR OWN BATTERY!!

Let's make a battery with household items!!

Materials:

5 pennies

5 dimes

Pieces of paper towel

Lemon juice

Plate

Instructions

Put some lemon juice on the plate and then put a few pieces of paper towel in the lemon juice.

After the paper towel pieces are soaked, stack the pennies and dimes, alternating, with the paper towel in between
  
Hold the stack in between your pointer fingers. You should feel a small tingle.

  This is because the chemical reaction is changing the oxygen into electricity. You have just created your own battery!

MAKING AN INDOOR RAINBOW!!!

Let's make an indoor rainbow!!! (Make sure to perform this experiment indoors!)


Materials:


A small mirror

Bowl of water

A light bulb

Instructions

Place the mirror in the bowl of water.

Hold the bulb over the mirror and the water.

Observe: A rainbow appears on the wall!!

MAKING ROCKS!!!

Let's make rocks!!

Materials:

Aluminum foil


Clean sand


White glue


A small container


A plastic spoon


Oil


A coffee can with lid


Water

Instructions

Mix three large spoons full of sand and three spoons full of white glue in the small container.


Make small lumps of the mixture.


Lightly oil the aluminum foil and place the lumps of on it.


Put the aluminum foil with the "rocks" in a sunny location until it is hard (period 2-3 days)


Now, put some of your "rocks" into the coffee can and put some water in it.


Put on the lid and shake the can for 4 to 5 minutes


Remove the lid.


Observe: The rocks began to wear down. Some rocks wore down into sand again.

What Is Happening 

The water running over the rocks pushes them against each other causing erosion that wears them down. In nature this process takes several years, However the result is the same

MAKING PATTERNS ON THE LEAVES!!

Let's make a few patterns on the leaf!!

Materials:

A green plant

Silver foil

Paperclips

Scissors

A jar

Iodine solution

Instructions

Choose a few green leaves of the plant and cover them with silver foil and hold them in position with the help of paperclips.

You can do different  patters on the foil like cutting circles in the foil exposing different areas of the leaf.

Now place the plant in sunlight and water it everyday.

After  three days pluck the sliver foiled leaves and dip them in iodine solution contained in a jar.

Then remove the silver foil. 

There are many beautiful patterns on the leaves!!!

MAKING YOUR OWN FOSSIL!!!!

Do you want to make fake or models of fossils? Then this experiment might help!!!


Materials:


Plasticine


Any small object, like- stone or leaf


2 paper cups


Water


Plaster of Paris

Instructions

Flatten a ball of plasticine until it is about 2cm thick, and the top smooth.

Put the plasticine into the paper cup with the smooth side facing towards you.

Now press the object you want to fossilize into the plasticine until the object is partially buried into the plasticine.

Now take the object out. A impression of the object is left behind.

Pour half cup of plaster of Paris into the other cup.


Add a quarter cup of water to the Plaster of Paris, and mix until smooth and leave the mixture like that for 2 minutes.


When the mixture has thickened pour it on the plasticine in the other cup.

Leave the  mixture until the plaster has dried.

When the plaster has fully dried, tear away the sides of the paper cup and take out the plasticine and plaster. Keep it in a warm dry place and enjoy your very own fossil.

What Is happening?

Fossils are extremely useful records of the past. In your case you left behind an impression of an object you own but fossils found by scientists around the world can date back to the time of dinosaurs. These fossils allow paleontologists (the name of scientists who study these types of fossils) to study what life might have been like millions of years

HOW MUCH CAN YOUR LUNGS HOLD???

Did you want to know how much  air your lungs can hold?
If, yes, YOU MUST TRY THIS EXPERIMENT!!


Materials:


A clean large plastic bottle
Kitchen sink or large water basin
Clean  plastic tubing
Water

Instructions

Put 10 cm of water into the kitchen sink.

 Fill the plastic bottle right to the top with water.
   
Put your hand over the top of the bottle to stop water escaping when you turn it upside down.


Turn the bottle upside down.


Place the top of the bottle under the water in the sink before removing your hand.


 Push one end of the plastic tube into the bottle. 
 Take a big breath in.

Breathe out as much air as you can through the tube

Observe: The air which you breathe out from your lungs, takes place of the water in the bottle, the amount of air present in the water is the  amount your lungs can hold!

Having a big air capacity in your lungs means you can distribute oxygen around your body at a faster rate!!

 Caution: Everything used in this experiment should be clean.